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Rabi problem : ウィキペディア英語版
Rabi problem
The Rabi problem concerns the response of an atom to an applied harmonic electric field, with an applied frequency very close to the atom's natural frequency. It provides a simple and generally solvable example of light-atom interactions.
== Classical Rabi Problem ==

In the classical approach, the Rabi problem can be represented by the solution to the driven, damped harmonic oscillator with the electric part of the Lorentz force as the driving term:
:\ddot_a + \frac\dot_a + \omega_a^2 x_a = \frac E(t,\mathbf_a),
where it has been assumed that the atom can be treated as a charged particle (of charge ''e'') oscillating about its equilibrium position around a neutral atom. Here, ''xa'' is its instantaneous magnitude of oscillation, \omega_a its natural oscillation frequency, and \tau_0 its natural lifetime:
:\frac = \frac,
which has been calculated based on the dipole oscillator's energy loss from electromagnetic radiation.
To apply this to the Rabi problem, one assumes that the electric field ''E'' is oscillatory in time and constant in space:
:E = E_0(detuning \delta = \omega - \omega_a, which serves equally well to distinguish atoms of different resonant frequencies. Finally, the constant \kappa has been defined:
:\kappa \ \stackrel\ \frac
These equations can be solved as follows:
:u(t;\delta) = (\cos \delta t - v_0 \sin \delta t )e^ + \kappa E_0 \int_0^t dt' \sin \delta(t-t')e^
:v(t;\delta) = (\cos \delta t + v_0 \sin \delta t )e^ - \kappa E_0 \int_0^t dt' \cos \delta(t-t')e^
After all transients have died away, the steady state solution takes the simple form,
:x_a(t) = \frac E_0 \left(\frac + \mathrm\right)
where "c.c." stands for the complex conjugate of the opposing term.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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